By Scout Nelson
In dry years, farmers often face shortages of hay and pasture grass. To manage this problem, many turn to annual forage crops grown under irrigation systems. However, the key challenge is using limited water wisely while still achieving strong plant growth and good yields.
The first step is to check how much moisture is already stored in the soil. Fields that were irrigated in the previous year may still have water deep in the soil profile. Different soil types hold water differently. For example, silt loam soils can store more water than sandy soils. Sandy soils dry out quickly, which can make it harder for seeds to germinate during summer.
Before irrigating, it is important to examine soil moisture using simple tools like a shovel or probe. This helps farmers understand where the soil is dry and where moisture is still available. In many cases, a small amount of irrigation water is enough to refill dry layers and support plant growth.
Establishing a good crop stand is very important. Pre-irrigation should only be used if the soil is too dry or hard for planting. If seeds can be placed correctly in the soil, irrigating after planting is often more efficient. Applying enough water to reach deeper moist layers helps roots grow properly. Light watering should be avoided, as it may lead to weak roots and increased weed growth.
Annual forage crops grow quickly and form a full canopy faster than corn. This means they start using water earlier and at a faster rate. Once the plants fully cover the ground, their water needs to become like other major crops. At this stage, irrigation can be planned based on regular crop water use methods.
To achieve high yields, it is important to provide enough water during the vegetative stage, when plants grow leaves and stems. Water stress during this stage can reduce plant height, leaf size, and overall production. Proper irrigation during early growth ensures better biomass and improved results.
With careful planning and efficient water use, annual forages can be a reliable solution for maintaining feed supply during dry conditions.
Photo Credit: istock-laughingmango
Categories: Nebraska, Crops, Hay & Forage, Weather