UNL Experts Share Tips on Silage, Nitrates and Alfalfa

By Scout Nelson

Livestock producers are making key forage management decisions as the season comes to an end. University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension educators Ben Beckman and Samantha Daniel offer guidance on corn silage pricing, nitrate management and final alfalfa harvest timing.

Corn Silage Pricing

Corn silage is an important feed source for livestock operations, and understanding its value helps producers make better financial and management decisions. Research shows that standing corn silage value can be estimated using the current market price of corn, with harvesting, hauling and storage costs added afterward.

Producers should also account for shrink losses that occur during fermentation, storage and feedout. Factoring in these costs provides a more accurate estimate of the value of silage delivered to livestock.

Managing Nitrate Risks

High nitrate levels in forage can result from drought, but they may also be caused by frost, hail, shade or herbicide injury. Elevated nitrates can pose serious risks to livestock if not managed properly.

Grazing can reduce some risk because fresh forage releases nitrates more slowly than dry forage. Producers should introduce cattle gradually, ensure adequate water access and avoid forcing animals to graze the lower portions of plants where nitrates are often concentrated.

Final Alfalfa Cutting

Deciding when to make the last alfalfa cutting requires balancing forage needs with winter survival and stand health. Alfalfa needs enough time after harvest to rebuild energy reserves before dormancy.

Growing degree days can help determine whether another cutting is advisable. Older or stressed stands should be managed more cautiously, while healthier stands can generally tolerate additional harvest pressure.

Before making a final cutting decision, producers should evaluate stand condition and remaining growing season potential. Careful timing can help protect winter survival and support strong growth the following spring.

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