Alfalfa Profit Planning Guide Shared

By Scout Nelson

A new alfalfa production guide has been released to help Nebraska producers improve the profitability of alfalfa as a cash crop. The guide outlines simple and effective steps that support stronger stands, higher forage quality, and better long-term field performance.

Successful alfalfa production begins with proper site selection. Deep, well-drained soils with a pH between 6.2 and 7.5 are recommended. Soil testing is important before planting to ensure fertility levels meet crop needs. Using certified, inoculated, and disease-resistant seed varieties that are well adapted to Nebraska growing conditions helps improve stand establishment.

Planting should be done on a firm seedbed, placing seeds at a depth of about one-quarter inch. Early spring and late summer are suitable for planting windows. In Southeast Nebraska, spring planting is recommended between April 1 and May 15. While spring soil moisture is usually favorable, weed control must be managed carefully. August planting may reduce weed pressure but can face challenges due to limited fall moisture.

Fertility management is based on soil test results, with special attention given to phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Correct nutrient levels support root development, plant health, and yield potential.

Harvest timing plays a major role in profitability. Cutting alfalfa at the early bud stage helps maintain high protein content and digestibility. These quality factors improve market value. Growers are encouraged to measure hay quality using Relative Feed Value and protein testing to access premium markets.

Stand health should be monitored closely. Strong new stands typically contain 25 to 30 plants per square foot. When plant density falls below 15 plants per square foot, renovation or crop rotation is advised.

Irrigated alfalfa systems usually produce 7 to 8 tons per acre, while dryland systems yield about 4 to 5 tons per acre. Grass and alfalfa mixes offer moderate yields with variable quality.

Producers should also review production costs and herbicide carryover risks before shifting from grain crops. Long-term success depends on careful management and proper crop rotation.

For more guidance, visit:
https://tinyurl.com/mwdfd3y5

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