By Scout Nelson
Recent wheat disease surveys in Nebraska found that barley yellow dwarf was the most widespread disease affecting wheat fields this season. Researchers also observed low levels of fungal leaf spot diseases, including Septoria tritici blotch and tan spots. However, no rust diseases were reported during the surveys.
Agricultural specialists explained that barley yellow dwarf cannot be controlled once plants become infected. The disease is spread by aphids, which act as carriers of the virus. Insecticide sprays may help reduce disease spread by controlling aphid populations, but this method is effective only when the aphid species present are known to spread the virus efficiently.
Experts also noted that insecticide seed treatments can help limit the spread of barley yellow dwarf by reducing aphid activity early in the growing season. Farmers may lower disease risks further by delaying winter wheat planting and planting spring wheat earlier. Planting resistant wheat varieties remains one of the best management strategies, although many commonly grown varieties are still vulnerable to the disease.
Disease surveys showed only trace to low levels of fungal leaf spot diseases across wheat fields. Dry weather conditions have slowed the development of leaf spot diseases, and researchers have not detected any rust diseases so far this season. Specialists recommend applying fungicides only if environmental conditions favor disease development. Rainfall or irrigation that creates prolonged moisture in fields can increase disease pressure and justify fungicide use to protect the wheat flag leaf.
In eastern Nebraska, wheat fields are approaching the heading stage or have already started heading. The Fusarium risk assessment tool currently indicates mostly low risk for Fusarium head blight development. However, specialists warn that disease risks could increase if fields receive continuous heavy rainfall or excessive irrigation before and during flowering. Under those conditions, applying a fungicide during early flowering may help protect wheat yields and grain quality.
Freeze injury has also been reported in some wheat fields. Specialists stated that no treatment is available to reverse damage caused by freezing temperatures. Farmers are encouraged to monitor affected fields closely and assess crop conditions carefully to estimate possible impacts on yield potential later in the season.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-alex-chai
Categories: Nebraska, Crops, Wheat, Weather