Winter Grazing Benefits Soil Health

By Scout Nelson

As winter approaches, corn residue becomes an affordable and practical grazing option. Many landowners worry it may reduce future crop yields or harm soil health, but research provides reassuring results.

Studies from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln show that, when managed with proper stocking rates, grazing corn residue has very few negative effects and can even offer several environmental benefits.

According to UNL research, soil properties remain stable when residue is grazed responsibly. Grazing can improve microbial activity, which helps nutrient cycling and strengthens soil conditions for the next crop. Researchers studied both fall and spring grazing and found that soil compaction stayed within safe limits, even when stocking rates were higher.

Grazing animals also return important nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus to the soil, enriching it for the next growing season. In some cases, soybean yields following grazed corn residue were higher than yields from ungrazed fields.

The key to successful residue grazing is proper timing and stocking management. Winter grazing is ideal because frozen ground reduces the risk of soil compaction. Later in the season, as soil thaws, stocking rates should be reduced, and grazing should be timed carefully around rainfall or snowmelt to protect soil structure.

While grazing improves forage use and reduces feeding costs, another challenge facing many Nebraska pastures is the spread of eastern red cedar. According to Jerry Volesky, prescribed fire is one of the most effective and economical tools available for controlling these trees.

A single cedar tree with an 8-foot diameter can reduce forage production by 3 pounds. With 200 trees per acre, nearly one-third of total forage production may be lost due to shading, moisture competition, and reduced grass growth.

Cedar trees also reduce wildlife habitats and increase wildfire risks. While mechanical removal or herbicides are options, a well-planned prescribed burn provides long-term control. Conducting a safe burn requires training, preparation, and understanding weather, fuel loads, and terrain.

Those interested in learning more about prescribed burning can attend the 2025 Nebraska Prescribed Fire Conference on Wednesday, December 3, in Kearney. Details, including registration and agenda, are available on the Nebraska Grasslands Alliance website.

Photo Credit:pexels-jan-kroon