Cattle care essentials for harsh winters

By Scout Nelson

Cattle adapt well to cold weather, but their health depends on factors like body condition, nutrition, and protection. Cold stress increases energy needs, making proper management essential for maintaining productivity. 

Body Condition and Cold Tolerance

A healthy cow with a body condition score (BCS) of 5 has enough fat to withstand cold temperatures. Thin cows (BCS 4) face higher energy demands and struggle in severe cold. Maintaining or improving body condition before winter is critical.

Impact of Wet Hair and Wind

Wet hair significantly raises the lower critical temperature (LCT) to 53°F, increasing energy needs. Wind also heightens heat loss. Providing windbreaks and ensuring cows stay dry can reduce these risks.

Feeding Strategies for Cold Weather

To meet energy requirements, offer high-energy feed such as quality hay, grains, or distillers grains. Fermentation from hay generates internal heat, aiding in warmth. Avoid abrupt diet changes, and supplement lower-quality forages with high-energy options.

For grazing cattle, extra supplements like distillers' grains or corn are effective. Three pounds of corn can lower energy deficits but pairing it with protein-rich feeds like alfalfa ensures digestion.

Cold Stress and Lactation

Lactating cows face higher energy needs, and cold stress accelerates body condition loss. Early nutritional support prevents complications during harsh winter months.

Effective winter management involves consistent nutrition, maintaining body condition, and protecting cattle from wet and windy weather. Proactive care ensures cattle stay healthy and productive through winter’s challenges.

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