Early Planting Windows Boost Corn Soybean Yields

By Scout Nelson

Early planting continues to be an important strategy for improving corn and soybean yields in Nebraska. Research shows that planting date management is not only about when the first field is planted, but also about when the last field is completed. Starting earlier can help operations finish on time and improve returns across the season.

Studies in Nebraska show that soybeans benefit the most from earlier planting. An eight-day earlier planting progress date was linked to a 4 bushel per acre gain in irrigated soybean fields and a 2 bushel per acre gain in rainfed fields. Corn yields showed less response when planting occurred between mid-April and mid-May. This means growers may gain by planting soybeans earlier or by planting corn sooner; soybean planting can also begin earlier.

In west-central Nebraska, dryland corn may also benefit from earlier planting because crops have a better chance of receiving rainfall during the key yield-setting period. Earlier planting can also lead to earlier harvests and reduce the chance of harvesting wetter grains later in the fall.

According to USDA Risk Management Agency standards, the earliest planting date was April 10 for corn and April 20 to April 25 for soybeans, depending on the county. Insurance dates are important, but soil temperature and soil moisture remain major factors for successful germination. More information is available here.

Researchers at the West Central Research Extension and Education Center in North Platte placed soil temperature sensors across North Platte, Brule, Grant, and McCook. These sensors tracked soil temperatures at a two-inch depth. Results showed several days with temperatures at or above 50°F, creating good planting windows for corn and soybeans. Fields with soybean residue were often warmer than corn residue fields.

The first 24 hours after planting are the most important for chilling injury because seeds absorb water during this period. After that stage, seeds become more tolerant of cooler soil temperatures. Researchers noted that underground seeds are less affected by aboveground frost before emergence.

“If you haven’t started yet, it’s time to plant. Check soil temperature, soil moisture and the weather forecast, and get the planter to the field.”

Careful use of soil temperature windows can help Nebraska growers improve yields, increase efficiency, and strengthen returns on crop inputs this season.

Photo Credit: istock-fotokostic