Monitoring Health in Heavier Feedlot Cattle

By Scout Nelson

Carcass weights in feedlot cattle are steadily rising. This trend is driven by fewer feeder cattle in the U.S., including restricted imports from Mexico due to screwworm concerns, and economic incentives encouraging more days on feed to increase weight.

While finishing cattle with heavier weights can add value, it also introduces health risks. Heavier cattle are more susceptible to digestive, respiratory, and structural issues. Each feedlot must evaluate its own risk based on cattle health, environment, and feeding practices.

Research shows that cattle entering feedlots at 750 pounds in 2023 finished at heavier weights after 40 additional days on feed. At an average daily gain of 2.5 pounds, this adds around 100 pounds of live weight. As cattle grow, they gain more carcass mass relative to non-carcass parts, resulting in a 75% dressing percentage in the final weight gain phase.

However, this also means the animal’s organs do not grow proportionately. As cattle reach 1,600 pounds, they experience a 12% higher metabolic load than those at 1,500 pounds. Their heart, lungs, liver, and digestive tract must work harder to support additional weight without structural growth.

“Cattle in need of marketing” should be identified 40 to 60 days before harvest. Visual checks and review of prior health data can help determine which animals may struggle to finish safely. Those that have experienced respiratory or digestive issues earlier should be monitored closely.

“Manage cattle so that respiratory disease is prevented at the appropriate time,” experts advise. Managers should consider feed additives that reduce health risks during late finishing. Fermented feed with more than 5% ash may indicate contamination, raising concerns about clostridial bacteria from soil.

Beta-agonists can support finishing but must be timed carefully. Animals with known health issues should be sold before introducing these compounds.

In summary, while heavier finishing weights can improve carcass output, careful planning is needed to prevent health issues. Feedlot managers are encouraged to apply science-based strategies to ensure safe and profitable outcomes during extended feeding periods.

Photo Credits:gettyimages-digitalvision