By Scout Nelson
Foxtail barley, a native cool-season perennial, begins growth in April and May. It reproduces through seed and tillering and thrives in moist, disturbed areas. While early growth is suitable for grazing, the plant becomes dangerous once seed heads develop, producing sharp awns that harm livestock and spread widely.
To manage Foxtail barley effectively, Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are crucial. These strategies aim to control and contain the plant before widespread establishment.
Grazing Foxtail barley during early growth helps reduce plant numbers without risk to livestock. However, once seed heads form, grazing must stop to prevent injury. The plant's sharp, barbed awns can cause abscesses and infections in animals.
Mechanical control such as hand pulling and mowing may reduce seed production. Late spring burning has limited success. Mowing is most effective before seed heads form but requires repeated efforts. Hand pulling is feasible only for small infestations.
Chemical options vary by crop and pasture type. In Roundup Ready alfalfa, glyphosate is effective. In conventional alfalfa, clethodim products like Select Max may require multiple applications. Pronamide and hexazinone products offer residual control when applied in fall or at seeding. For pastures and rangelands, imazapic (Plateau) is effective but should be used only on tolerant grasses.
Preventing establishment through strong perennial cover, rotational grazing, and monitoring is the most cost-effective approach. Always follow pesticide label instructions and ensure products are approved for both target weed and site.
Early action during April and May is critical for successful Foxtail barley control and to protect livestock and pasture health.
Photo Credit:foxtail-MAFRI
Categories: Nebraska, Crops, Alfalfa, Livestock