Boost soil health with organic matter

By Scout Nelson

Fall is an ideal time for gardeners and farmers to enrich their soil by adding organic matter. This practice not only improves soil structure but also increases nutrient content, which in turn promotes healthier plant growth.

Soil's ability to support robust plant life is largely dependent on its composition—ideally, it should consist of about 45% minerals, 5% organic matter, and 50% pore space, which provides room for water and oxygen, essential for root growth. Adding organic material such as compost, manure, or green manures enhances these pore spaces, improving oxygen availability and water infiltration, and thereby reducing runoff.

Soil structure is also influenced by the formation of soil aggregates—clusters of soil particles bound together by natural "glues" produced by beneficial fungi and earthworm activity. These aggregates facilitate the creation of larger pore spaces, which help in oxygen recharge and enhance the soil's ability to absorb water quickly.

Organic matter plays a crucial role in the formation and maintenance of these aggregates. It fuels the biological activity necessary to create the soil structures that support strong plant growth. However, organic matter levels in many soils are often found to be between just one and two percent during soil tests. Agricultural experts recommend aiming for five percent to optimize plant growth and soil health.

The process of improving soil with organic matter is ongoing because it naturally breaks down over time. Suitable sources of organic matter include not only commercial compost but also everyday yard waste such as grass clippings, tree leaves, and wood chips.

These materials should be spread in a two to three-inch layer over the soil and mixed in up to six inches deep using a rototiller or spade. However, it is important to minimize tilling to avoid damaging the soil structure.

For gardeners using manure, it is advised to use well-composted manure and incorporate it in the fall to avoid any potential food safety issues from bacteria.

Regularly enhancing soil with organic matter each fall ensures it remains fertile and structurally sound, providing an ideal environment for plant growth and helping maintain the long-term productivity and health of the garden or farm.

Photo Credits:gettyimages-dmytro-diedov