Safeguarding Cattle from Summer's Swelter

Summers can be harsh, especially for cattle in dry lots. The heat affects them more than just through rising temperatures; factors like humidity, lack of air movement, and direct sun add to the strain. However, it's not just about feeling hot. When cattle can't reduce their body heat, it threatens their vital bodily functions.

Why is this? Unlike humans, cattle struggle to sweat, making it hard to cool down. They function best in a temperature range known as the thermoneutral zone, generally between 32°F and 75°F. Beyond this, cattle exert extra energy to cool down, evident by signs like panting and increased heart rate.

But there's a catch. Even when the day's heat is over, cattle need cooler nighttime temperatures, ideally below 70°F, for at least 4 hours, to regulate their core temperature. If not, they're at risk again the next day. It's a cycle.

This makes monitoring weather and taking preventive actions essential. On high heat days, especially after rain or with little wind, cattle become highly vulnerable. For instance, when the temperature is 98°F with 30% humidity, the temperature-humidity index (THI) reaches 83, signaling danger for cattle.

To safeguard cattle, the Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) guidelines advise against handling or transporting them during the hottest hours, usually between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. If its unavoidable, precautions are a must, especially when the THI is 75 or higher.

So, what can be done? Producers can refer to the Cattle Temperature Humidity Index to gauge risk.

Before any heat events

Relocate cattle to cooler pens with ample shade and wind.

Ensure sick animals are in shaded or bedded areas.

Address any obstacles blocking airflow.

Set up shades and increase water tanks.

Schedule any cattle tasks before the heat sets in.

During heat stress times

Provide extra water; cattle might need double the usual amount.

Reduce feed in the morning to lower the heat load.

Maintain cleanliness to reduce humidity.

Consider sprinklers and bedding to decrease heat.

Ensure adequate space and ventilation during cattle transport.

Remember, some cattle pens might need more attention than others, like those housing finished cattle or those with limited water access. Being proactive helps in efficiently managing heat stress.

Photo Credit: USDA